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France Becomes the Leading Country of Europe
From early morning until midnight every great French noble and those who hoped to be great, worked at doing and
The Hapsburgs and Rivals Keep Europe in Turmoil
There he sat in the great hall in the German city of Worms. His bright eyes and wide forehead gave
Europeans Explore and Settle Other Lands
Visitors to the Portuguese city of Lisbon, on a certain day in 1499, would have found the people in a
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Cracks in the Wall of Islam A.D. 656-750
THE FIRST three caliphs — Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman — had all known — Mohammed well. In 656, Othman,
The Abbasids: Glory and Decay 750 -1258 A. D.
UNDER THE Omayyads, who ruled from 661 to 750, Islam had grown into a mighty empire. Arabic had become its
Rival Caliphs and Amirs in the West A.D. 750-1492
IN 750, when the first Abbasid caliph ordered a wholesale massacre of the family that had ruled before him, hardly
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hannibal Challenges Rome (217 B.C.)
Hannibal alone, would have dared embark on such a venture. Two powers confronted each other to dispute mastery of the
Slaves in the Ancient World (217 – 73 B.C.)
Slaves could be imported to Italy when and where they were needed. The demand for labour was immediate and there
The Slaves Revolt (73 B.C.)
As Rome’s armies marched victorious across the known world and her fleets patrolled the Mediterranean, hundreds and thousands of slaves