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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of Man
About 400,000 years ago, a group of people were gathered at the mouth of a cave. They had a fire
Mesopotamia, Where Civilization Began 4000 B.C. – 1750 B.C.
Mesopotamia is where civilization began. By 4000 B. C., many different groups of people were working out their lives in
Hittite Warriors Build a Kingdom 1750 B. C. – 700 B. C.
Within 150 years of the death of Hammurabi, the cities of Mesopotamia were powerless and other peoples took up the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
The Roman Republic is Reborn with Imperial Splendour (73 – 31 B.C.)
The happy judgment of the historian Polybius on the strength of the Roman constitution, because of its mixture of popular,
The Emperor Augustus (B.C. 31)
The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. initiated thirteen years of bloodshed, during which the people who had plotted
Octavian and the New Roman Empire (B.C. 31 – 9 A.D.)
Octavian delivers the state from that was plunged into depression. A few weeks after January 1 in the year 29 B.C. the
