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Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)

Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope

Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)

Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.

William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)

William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
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Early Civilizations to Modern Age

The Coming of Man

About 400,000 years ago, a group of people were gathered at the mouth of a cave. They had a fire

Mesopotamia, Where Civilization Began 4000 B.C. – 1750 B.C.

Mesopotamia is where civilization began. By 4000 B. C., many different groups of people  were working out their lives in

Hittite Warriors Build a Kingdom 1750 B. C. – 700 B. C.

Within 150 years of the death of Hammurabi, the cities of Mesopotamia were powerless and other peoples took up the
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Distant Past and New Challenges

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Milestones of History

What is History?

Many answers have been given to this question. To most people it is undoubtedly the record of past events, but

3000 BC – Gift of the Nile

On the long road to civilization, the emergence of the national state –particularly in the context of the world in

Early Culture Existed for Centuries

Early culture, between 3000 to 1750 BC, in Mesopotamia, the land between the rivers, another civilization is already far advanced.
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Mythology

Who were the Hellenes?

Theseus and the Minotaur

The Palace of Minos

Helen of Troy

The Wooden Horse

Was there a Trojan War?

The Migration

City-States and Colonies

The Delphic Oracle

The Olympic Games

Sparta

A Spartan grows Up

Athens

Solon

A Tyrant Who Was Not Tyrannical

Athenian Democracy

The Ionian Greeks

Marathon

The Rivals

The Second Persian Invasion

Thermopylae

“Wooden Walls” and Salamis

Aeschylus

Theseus Comes Home

The Confederacy of Delos

The Athenian Empire

Herodotus, The Father of History

The Parthenon

Thucydides

Why Did Athens Fight Sparta

The Peloponnesian War Begins

Athenian Death

Hippocrates and Disease

Pericles Dies

Cleon the Tanner

Peace

Socrates

Alcibiades

Sicily

Hecuba, Queen of Troy

Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh

Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat

Socrates’ Death

Xenophon

Damocles’ Sword – The Fourth Century

Plato

Alexander of Macedon

Hellenistic Age – Alexandria and Byzantium

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