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Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat
Oligarchy — “rule by the few” was a form of government which Athens had not experienced since the 6th century,
Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh
Decelea near the border of Attica and Boeotia was fortified by the Spartans (413). The first piece of good advice
Hecuba, Queen of Troy
In the year when the expedition sailed to Sicily (415) Euripides put on a play, the Trojan Women, in which
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Cracks in the Wall of Islam A.D. 656-750
THE FIRST three caliphs — Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman — had all known — Mohammed well. In 656, Othman,
The Abbasids: Glory and Decay 750 -1258 A. D.
UNDER THE Omayyads, who ruled from 661 to 750, Islam had grown into a mighty empire. Arabic had become its
Rival Caliphs and Amirs in the West A.D. 750-1492
IN 750, when the first Abbasid caliph ordered a wholesale massacre of the family that had ruled before him, hardly
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Assyria, Steppelands of Central Asia Sees New People Emerge and New Empires Rise (1191 – 524 B.C.)
The vacuum left in Western Asia by the passage of the Sea Peoples was soon filled. New peoples infiltrated into
Buddha, the Prophet of the East (524 B.C.)
The Buddha as he came to be known, was a young man, Gautama, who followed the usual pursuits of someone
The Collapse of Crete (524 – 480 B.C.)
With the collapse of Crete, the Mediterranean focus moves to Greece. The destruction of Knossos in 1450 B.C. precipitated the
