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Nationalism and Democracy Clash with the Forces of Reaction
The Austrian city of Vienna in 1814 would have dazzled even a Hollywood director. Emperors and empresses, kings and queens,
The French Revolution and Napoleon
The year is 1789; the place, Versailles, France. Several hundred delegates representing the people of France sit sullenly in the
The Peoples of America Win Control over their Own Affairs
Even though you are familiar with the story of the American Revolution, perhaps you do not realize that only nine
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
France Becomes a Great Nation 1453-1631
WHEN MORE than a century of war between England and France ended in 1453, it was the French king, Charles
The Thirty Years War 1618 – 1625
EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN I of the Holy Roman Empire walked up to a wild lion and pulled out its tongue; his
The War Spreads 1625 -1648
THE BLOOD-LETTING in Germany aroused new ambitions in many of the kings of Europe. In Denmark and Sweden, the strong
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, marking the end of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events