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The French Revolution and Napoleon
The year is 1789; the place, Versailles, France. Several hundred delegates representing the people of France sit sullenly in the
The Peoples of America Win Control over their Own Affairs
Even though you are familiar with the story of the American Revolution, perhaps you do not realize that only nine
Basic Ideas of Freedom take Root in Early Modern Times
Freedom! Liberty! Here are words which most Americans have heard all their lives. Freedom is the subject of the Declaration
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The City of Augustus 29 B. C. – A. D. 14
IN 29 B.C. the gates of war were closed. Rome was at peace. Senators and the people of the mob-men
The Emperor’s City A. D. 14 to A. D. 117
GREAT power had allowed Augustus to do great good for Rome and its provinces. The same power in the hands
The City of the World A. D. 117 – A. D. 138
ROME was no longer just a city — it was a world. In the reign of Hadrian, the blaring trumpets
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town





























































