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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The City Where Money Ruled A.D. 54 – A.D. 192
“IT is impossible to find peace and quiet in this city!” Seneca, in Nero’s Rome for a visit, was not
The End of the City A. D. 192 – A. D. 476
ON ROME’S first day, Romulus took a bronze plow and drew a magic circle around seven of the hills that
The First Palm Sunday A.D. 29
IT WAS the Sunday before Passover. The soft greens of spring and patches of wild flowers brightened the hills above
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
