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Democracy in France 1815-1830
AFTER THE fall of Napoleon, Louis XVIII came to the throne of France. Although his powers were limited, by following
Democracy in Great Britain 1789-1884
BY 1789, the first year of the French Revolution, England had traveled further along the road that would one day
The Civil War 1860-1865
AS THE Presidential elections of 1860 drew near, the Democratic party was as hopelessly divided as the nation. The Southern
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Cracks in the Wall of Islam A.D. 656-750
THE FIRST three caliphs — Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman — had all known — Mohammed well. In 656, Othman,
The Abbasids: Glory and Decay 750 -1258 A. D.
UNDER THE Omayyads, who ruled from 661 to 750, Islam had grown into a mighty empire. Arabic had become its
Rival Caliphs and Amirs in the West A.D. 750-1492
IN 750, when the first Abbasid caliph ordered a wholesale massacre of the family that had ruled before him, hardly
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, marking the end of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
