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The Town and the Guild 1100 -1382
ONE FINE SPRING MORNING, in the French town of Troyes, in the county of Champagne, a bell rang out through
The Crusades 1096-1260
ON A COLD NOVEMBER DAY IN 1096, a great crowd of people gathered in a field at the town of
The Power of the Church 529 – 1409
IN THE YEAR 1134, in the town of Chartres in France, the church burned down. The church was a cathedral
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The United States and Victory 1915-1918
FEW AMERICANS noticed the advertisement that appeared in the New York newspapers on May 1, 1915. Signed by the Imperial
The Victors Reconstruct Europe 1918 – 1919
IN THE closing weeks of the war, the Austro-Hungarian Empire came apart. Its subject peoples proclaimed their independence, through “national
After the Peace of Paris 1919 – 1920
DURING THE war, three great empires — the Russian, the Austro-Hungarian and the German –had vanished forever. Then, by the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
