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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The New Capital: Constantinople A. D. 306-532
EMPEROR Constantine’s decision to build a new capital for the Roman Empire in the East did not come as a
The Great Justinian A.D. 532-565
THE STREETS of Constantinople were thronged that Tuesday morning in January of 532. Public buildings were closed. Shops on the Street of
Byzantine Glory A.D. 610-1057
The period from 610 to 717 was one of the darkest in Byzantine history. During that time, the edges of
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
