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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Totalitarianism Versus Democracy
AS THE 1930’s drew to a close, only eight countries in Europe, besides Great Britain and France, were still democracies.
“My Name Will Stand Forever” 1933 – 1938
Adolf Hitler, stood above the German town of Berchtesgaden, in a large, imposing house in the mountains and stared out
Victory in Europe 1941 – 1945
Even before Pearl Harbour, there had been cooperation between the United States and Britain. In August of 1941, President Roosevelt
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town





























































