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Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat
Oligarchy — “rule by the few” was a form of government which Athens had not experienced since the 6th century,
Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh
Decelea near the border of Attica and Boeotia was fortified by the Spartans (413). The first piece of good advice
Hecuba, Queen of Troy
In the year when the expedition sailed to Sicily (415) Euripides put on a play, the Trojan Women, in which
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
France Becomes a Great Nation 1453-1631
WHEN MORE than a century of war between England and France ended in 1453, it was the French king, Charles
The Thirty Years War 1618 – 1625
EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN I of the Holy Roman Empire walked up to a wild lion and pulled out its tongue; his
The War Spreads 1625 -1648
THE BLOOD-LETTING in Germany aroused new ambitions in many of the kings of Europe. In Denmark and Sweden, the strong
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
The Roman Republic is Reborn with Imperial Splendour (73 – 31 B.C.)
The happy judgment of the historian Polybius on the strength of the Roman constitution, because of its mixture of popular,
The Emperor Augustus (B.C. 31)
The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. initiated thirteen years of bloodshed, during which the people who had plotted
Octavian and the New Roman Empire (B.C. 31 – 9 A.D.)
Octavian delivers the state from that was plunged into depression. A few weeks after January 1 in the year 29 B.C. the
