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France Becomes the Leading Country of Europe
From early morning until midnight every great French noble and those who hoped to be great, worked at doing and
The Hapsburgs and Rivals Keep Europe in Turmoil
There he sat in the great hall in the German city of Worms. His bright eyes and wide forehead gave
Europeans Explore and Settle Other Lands
Visitors to the Portuguese city of Lisbon, on a certain day in 1499, would have found the people in a
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Peace-and Civil War 1917 -1924
SPEAKING BEFORE the Congress of Soviets on November 8, the second day of the November revolution, Lenin had said, “We
Stalin Succeeds Lenin 1924 – 1939
AFTER THE PEACE with Germany, Lenin had hoped for a breathing spell which would give him the chance to build
Revolution in a Beer Hall 1923 – 1924
ON NOVEMBER 8, 1923, about three thousand men were sitting at the tables of a large beer hall on the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope