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France Becomes the Leading Country of Europe
From early morning until midnight every great French noble and those who hoped to be great, worked at doing and
The Hapsburgs and Rivals Keep Europe in Turmoil
There he sat in the great hall in the German city of Worms. His bright eyes and wide forehead gave
Europeans Explore and Settle Other Lands
Visitors to the Portuguese city of Lisbon, on a certain day in 1499, would have found the people in a
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Dictatorship and Civil War 1926-1939
THE END OF World War I brought many changes of government in Europe, but in a number of countries the
The Meaning of Totalitarianism
So it happened that in many parts of the world people were living under a system of government that came
Panic in Wall Street 1929-1932
AS MILLIONS of Americans hurried to work on the morning of October 24, 1929, it seemed like the start of
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
