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European Nations Evolve
European nations preserved to keep the continent from chaos. In the troubled days of invasion and disorder that followed the
Feudalism in Western Europe
Feudalism – centuries of groping and experimentation to restore law and order in Europe and to develop forms of centralized
Religions Militant in the Middle Ages
Religions militant, gives an account of the wars of religion, which we call the crusades. During the Middle Ages, the
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of the Storm 1905 – 1913
ALREADY HEMMED in on two sides by France and Russia, the Germans were dismayed to see Great Britain join their
The Storm Breaks 1914
JUNE 28, 1914, was the Feast of Saint Vitus, an important holiday in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The city
Stalemate in the West, Decision in the East 1914 -1917
Germany’s generals had for some time expected that they would have to fight both France and Russia, and Count Alfred
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town





























































