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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Christian Knights and Mongol Horsemen A. D. 099-1404
THROUGHOUT THE eleventh century, the divided Arab Empire became weaker in all its parts. Meanwhile, the Christian lands to the
The City of Dido 264 B. C. – 129 B. C.
In 264 B. C., the people of Rome met in a noisy session of their assembly. The question before them
Seljuks and Mamelukes A.D. 950-1517
LIKE THEIR relatives the Mongols, the Turks began as wandering herdsmen in Central Asia. Their first contact with Islam was
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Justinian Corpus (520-622 A.D.)
Justinian Corpus, the Juris Civilis, is the ancestor of all European legal systems. The sixth century – in the West,
Flight to Medina (622 A.D.)
The flight to Medina, was made by the prophet Mohammed, when he fled from his native Mecca, in hopes of
T’ang Empire (622 – 794 A.D.)
T’ang Empire – first of the great Chinese dynasties – unifies the nation. The siege of Byzantium During the seventh