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The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Nationalism and the Germans 1848-1870
DESPITE THE development of democracy in some parts of the world, several of the most important nations established in the
Democracy in Latin America 1811-1823
DURING THE years when Napoleon and Spain were at war, Spain’s American colonies began their long fight to win independence
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Ottomans, the Last Great Islamic Power A.D. 1299-1922
ACCORDING to their tradition, the Ottoman Turks once belonged to the same Central Asian tribe as the Seljuk Turks. Their
Islam the Civilizer A. D. 622-1406
IF Islam had never existed, the Christian countries of the world would probably be less advanced and certainly less varied,
India: A Thousand Years of History A. D. 1 – 710
UNTIL 1947, when the Moslem state of Pakistan was carved out of its western and eastern corners, the entire triangle
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, marking the end of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events