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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The City of Augustus 29 B. C. – A. D. 14
IN 29 B.C. the gates of war were closed. Rome was at peace. Senators and the people of the mob-men
The Emperor’s City A. D. 14 to A. D. 117
GREAT power had allowed Augustus to do great good for Rome and its provinces. The same power in the hands
The City of the World A. D. 117 – A. D. 138
ROME was no longer just a city — it was a world. In the reign of Hadrian, the blaring trumpets
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
