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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Peace-and Civil War 1917 -1924
SPEAKING BEFORE the Congress of Soviets on November 8, the second day of the November revolution, Lenin had said, “We
Stalin Succeeds Lenin 1924 – 1939
AFTER THE PEACE with Germany, Lenin had hoped for a breathing spell which would give him the chance to build
Revolution in a Beer Hall 1923 – 1924
ON NOVEMBER 8, 1923, about three thousand men were sitting at the tables of a large beer hall on the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hammurabi – The First Law Code (1750 B. C.)
As the political state evolved, the problem of its administration evolved too. The territory ruled over by Hammurabi of Babylon
Hittites – A New Power Arises (1750 – 1450 B.C.)
Hittites, a new power, arises in the Near East and Babylon is eclipsed. The Babylonian kings who followed Hammurabi were
The Eruption of Santorin – (B.C. 1450)
By 2000 B.C. Crete, and its out post the island of Santorin, was the home of a remarkable, flourishing civilization. Known
