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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Totalitarianism Versus Democracy
AS THE 1930’s drew to a close, only eight countries in Europe, besides Great Britain and France, were still democracies.
“My Name Will Stand Forever” 1933 – 1938
Adolf Hitler, stood above the German town of Berchtesgaden, in a large, imposing house in the mountains and stared out
Victory in Europe 1941 – 1945
Even before Pearl Harbour, there had been cooperation between the United States and Britain. In August of 1941, President Roosevelt
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
