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Stepping-Stones for the West, 1869
ON NOVEMBER 16, 1869, the sun rose over the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and shone on the blue
Europe Divided 1825 -1881
IN EUROPE and North America, nationalism generally led to the creation of larger states and the centralization of power. In
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of Man
About 400,000 years ago, a group of people were gathered at the mouth of a cave. They had a fire
Mesopotamia, Where Civilization Began 4000 B.C. – 1750 B.C.
Mesopotamia is where civilization began. By 4000 B. C., many different groups of people were working out their lives in
Hittite Warriors Build a Kingdom 1750 B. C. – 700 B. C.
Within 150 years of the death of Hammurabi, the cities of Mesopotamia were powerless and other peoples took up the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
