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Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Rome, the City of the Pope 1492-1564
In 1492, young Giovanni de’ Medici bade farewell to his father, Lorenzo the Magnificent and left Florence to take his
Venice, City in the Sea 1350 – 1590
The houses of Venice are “like sea-birds half on sea and half on land,” said Cassiodorus. An officer of a
The Italian Kings of France 1494 – 1590
In all Europe there was no greater admirer of Italy than Francis I, king of France. Francis practiced Italian manners
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Sung Dynasty, Golden Age of Artistic Achievement (955-982 A. D.)
The birth of Hungary The battle of the Lechfeld, which was so important to Western Europe, had an equally profound
Norsemen and Vikings (982 A. D.)
Norsemen or Vikings – Danes, Norwegians and Swedes — were terrorizing the greater part of Europe, over a thousand years
Hugh Capet (982 – 1066 A. D.)
Hugh Capet was coronated in 987 and with that, began the French dominance of Europe. During the eleventh century, a





























































