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Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Democracy in Latin America 1811-1823
DURING THE years when Napoleon and Spain were at war, Spain’s American colonies began their long fight to win independence
Nationalism and the Germans 1848-1870
DESPITE THE development of democracy in some parts of the world, several of the most important nations established in the
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Charlemagne’s Empire Destroyed by Eastern Hordes (800-886 A. D.)
Charlemagne’s empire destroyed and dissolved in the ninth century, but the idea of “Europe” survived. By the late tenth century,
Alfred “The Great” builds England for the English (886 A. D.)
Alfred “The Great”, alone amongst the English kings, has been awarded this title. Earlier invaders of the British Isles had
Baghdad Founded (886 – 950 A. D.)
Baghdad founded and became the centre of Islamic learning and culture. England in the tenth century As a soldier, Alfred,
