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The Conquest of England 1066-1265
IN THE DIM LIGHT of early morning, the Frenchmen were preparing for battle. Squires helped the knights put on their
Feudal France 814-1314
AFTER THE BREAKUP OF CHARLEMAGNE’S Empire, France, the western half of the empire, was ruled by a series of weak
Feudal Germany 936 -1250
THE WINTER of 1077 was one of the coldest on record in Italy. Ice and snow choked the mountain passages
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Rise of Nationalism 1272 – l485
JOAN OF ARC did more than inspire the French to drive out the English; her words and actions helped to
The Sound of Bells and Trumpets in Europe 1300 – 1600
Bells and trumpets sounded across Europe in the time that men would call the Middle Ages. Knights in glistening armour
Florence, First City of the Renaissance 1200-1480
March 25, 1436, was the Feast of the Annunciation and the city of Florence was decked out for a celebration.
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
