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Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of Man
About 400,000 years ago, a group of people were gathered at the mouth of a cave. They had a fire
Mesopotamia, Where Civilization Began 4000 B.C. – 1750 B.C.
Mesopotamia is where civilization began. By 4000 B. C., many different groups of people were working out their lives in
Hittite Warriors Build a Kingdom 1750 B. C. – 700 B. C.
Within 150 years of the death of Hammurabi, the cities of Mesopotamia were powerless and other peoples took up the
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin (1194 A.D.)
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin, with its clusters of columns, its soaring arches, its superb stone carvings and its matchless
Richard I, the Lion Heart (1194-1204 A. D.)
Richard I, the Lion Heart, fails to capture Jerusalem from the Saracens. The birth of the New Byzantium The first
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople begins – the crusaders from the West had taken an oath to free the Holy Land from





























































