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The Conquest of England 1066-1265
IN THE DIM LIGHT of early morning, the Frenchmen were preparing for battle. Squires helped the knights put on their
Feudal France 814-1314
AFTER THE BREAKUP OF CHARLEMAGNE’S Empire, France, the western half of the empire, was ruled by a series of weak
Feudal Germany 936 -1250
THE WINTER of 1077 was one of the coldest on record in Italy. Ice and snow choked the mountain passages
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Thaw in the Cold War 1953-1959
Stalin had left behind him a world of suspicion, distrust and fear. Suspicion, distrust and fear were as great in
A Time of Crisis 1960-1963
One of the sources of trouble was Cuba. In 1956 a small group of revolutionaries, led by a 29-year-old lawyer
A Time of Change 1948-1962
All times are, more or less, times of change, but the changes that took place in the 1950’s and 1960’s
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
