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Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)

Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope

Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)

Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.

William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)

William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
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Early Civilizations to Modern Age

Arabia, Mother of Religions 3000 B. C. – 570 A. D

ARABIA, the big, boot-shaped peninsula off the northeast corner of Africa, is one of the hottest and driest regions on

Mohammed, Prophet of Allah A. D. 571 – 632

IN THE year 571, in Mecca, a boy was born in a humble household of the Quraysh. No one knows

The Holy Book of Allah A. D. 632-732

Mohammed sometimes dictated his thoughts to his secretary, Zayd, but when he spoke in public no one wrote down what

Distant Past and New Challenges

Milestones of History

Hammurabi – The First Law Code (1750 B. C.)

As the political state evolved, the problem of its administration evolved too. The territory ruled over by Hammurabi of Babylon

Hittites – A New Power Arises (1750 – 1450 B.C.)

Hittites, a new power, arises in the Near East and Babylon is eclipsed. The Babylonian kings who followed Hammurabi were

The Eruption of Santorin – (B.C. 1450)

By 2000 B.C. Crete, and its out post the island of Santorin, was the home of a remarkable, flourishing civilization. Known

Mythology

Who were the Hellenes?

Theseus and the Minotaur

The Palace of Minos

Helen of Troy

The Wooden Horse

Was there a Trojan War?

The Migration

City-States and Colonies

The Delphic Oracle

The Olympic Games

Sparta

A Spartan grows Up

Athens

Solon

A Tyrant Who Was Not Tyrannical

Athenian Democracy

The Ionian Greeks

Marathon

The Rivals

The Second Persian Invasion

Thermopylae

“Wooden Walls” and Salamis

Aeschylus

Theseus Comes Home

The Confederacy of Delos

The Athenian Empire

Herodotus, The Father of History

The Parthenon

Thucydides

Why Did Athens Fight Sparta

The Peloponnesian War Begins

Athenian Death

Hippocrates and Disease

Pericles Dies

Cleon the Tanner

Peace

Socrates

Alcibiades

Sicily

Hecuba, Queen of Troy

Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh

Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat

Socrates’ Death

Xenophon

Damocles’ Sword – The Fourth Century

Plato

Alexander of Macedon

Hellenistic Age – Alexandria and Byzantium

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