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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Crusades 1096-1260
ON A COLD NOVEMBER DAY IN 1096, a great crowd of people gathered in a field at the town of
The Town and the Guild 1100 -1382
ONE FINE SPRING MORNING, in the French town of Troyes, in the county of Champagne, a bell rang out through
The Hundred Years War 1326-1477
THE LONG STRUGGLE between France and England, known to history as the Hundred Years’ War, was not really a war
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Let My People Go! (Hebrews 1280 B.C.)
The Hebrews were a nomadic people, some of whom settled in Egypt. They had their own God — Yahweh or
Hittite Empire and Egypt Threatened by Northern Invaders (1280 – 1191 B.C.)
Although the Exodus of the “children of Israel” from Egypt is rightly to be regarded as one of the greatest
Ramses III Defeats the Sea People (1191 B.C.)
For several years the Sea Peoples from the north had been drawing closer and closer to Egypt. Syria and Libya




























































