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Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Democracy in Latin America 1811-1823
DURING THE years when Napoleon and Spain were at war, Spain’s American colonies began their long fight to win independence
Nationalism and the Germans 1848-1870
DESPITE THE development of democracy in some parts of the world, several of the most important nations established in the
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Egypt Becomes an Imperial Power (1450 – 1400 B. C.)
We have seen that after the fall of Babylon in 1530 B. C. and the collapse of the Amorite kingdoms
The Aryan Invasion of India (c. B. C. 1400)
Aryan peoples from the North descended into India, radically affecting the native civilization, round about between 1750 to 1400 B.C.
Palestine to Egypt – People Gain a National Identity and Settle New Lands (1400 – 1280 B.C.)
Palestine was possessed by Egypt. In the year 1887 an Egyptian peasant, digging in the ruins of an ancient city