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Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat
Oligarchy — “rule by the few” was a form of government which Athens had not experienced since the 6th century,
Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh
Decelea near the border of Attica and Boeotia was fortified by the Spartans (413). The first piece of good advice
Hecuba, Queen of Troy
In the year when the expedition sailed to Sicily (415) Euripides put on a play, the Trojan Women, in which
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Gods and Heroes 800 B.C. – 550 B.C.
From island to island and town to town, across the wide new world of the Greeks, the minstrel wandered, with
Kings, Tyrants and Democracy 1000 B. C. to 100 B. C.
During the Dark Ages, the large kingdoms of Homer’s Achaean heroes had disappeared. The Greek world was now dotted with
Athens: City of Wisdom and War 700 B. C. to 500 B. C.
Of all the city-states in Greece, Athens was the most fortunate. The city’s guardian was Athena, the goddess of war
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Charlemagne’s Empire Destroyed by Eastern Hordes (800-886 A. D.)
Charlemagne’s empire destroyed and dissolved in the ninth century, but the idea of “Europe” survived. By the late tenth century,
Alfred “The Great” builds England for the English (886 A. D.)
Alfred “The Great”, alone amongst the English kings, has been awarded this title. Earlier invaders of the British Isles had
Baghdad Founded (886 – 950 A. D.)
Baghdad founded and became the centre of Islamic learning and culture. England in the tenth century As a soldier, Alfred,
