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Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat
Oligarchy — “rule by the few” was a form of government which Athens had not experienced since the 6th century,
Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh
Decelea near the border of Attica and Boeotia was fortified by the Spartans (413). The first piece of good advice
Hecuba, Queen of Troy
In the year when the expedition sailed to Sicily (415) Euripides put on a play, the Trojan Women, in which
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The City Where Money Ruled A.D. 54 – A.D. 192
“IT is impossible to find peace and quiet in this city!” Seneca, in Nero’s Rome for a visit, was not
The End of the City A. D. 192 – A. D. 476
ON ROME’S first day, Romulus took a bronze plow and drew a magic circle around seven of the hills that
The First Palm Sunday A.D. 29
IT WAS the Sunday before Passover. The soft greens of spring and patches of wild flowers brightened the hills above
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hannibal Challenges Rome (217 B.C.)
Hannibal alone, would have dared embark on such a venture. Two powers confronted each other to dispute mastery of the
Slaves in the Ancient World (217 – 73 B.C.)
Slaves could be imported to Italy when and where they were needed. The demand for labour was immediate and there
The Slaves Revolt (73 B.C.)
As Rome’s armies marched victorious across the known world and her fleets patrolled the Mediterranean, hundreds and thousands of slaves


























































