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Why Did Athens Fight Sparta
In spite of the fact that they had fought as allies against Persia, Sparta and Athens did not like each
Thucydides
When Herodotus read his history in public, it is said that a youth called Thucydides was so moved that he
The Parthenon
In the year 437 the Parthenon, which had been begun ten years before, was far enough advanced to contain a
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of the Europeans A.D. 1498-1707
MORE than two centuries before Aurungzeb’s death and even before the coming of Babur, a new kind of invader had
China under the Han 206 B. C. – A. D. 221
THE vast East Asian land of China is named after its first family of emperors, the Ch’in. The Ch’in brought
The Six Dynasties: Turmoil and Change A.D. 220-589
THE three states into which China had split were soon split up themselves into even smaller divisions. For three and
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin (1194 A.D.)
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin, with its clusters of columns, its soaring arches, its superb stone carvings and its matchless
Richard I, the Lion Heart (1194-1204 A. D.)
Richard I, the Lion Heart, fails to capture Jerusalem from the Saracens. The birth of the New Byzantium The first
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople begins – the crusaders from the West had taken an oath to free the Holy Land from


























































