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The British Empire Becomes the Commonwealth of Nations
On a January evening in 1896, a famous British statesman, Joseph Chamberlain, attended a banquet in honour of an Englishman
“Wooden Walls” and Salamis
After Thermopylae the Spartans were only interested in defending the Peloponnese. Their next line of defence was across the Isthmus
Thermopylae
The first narrow place where the Persians might have been held was the pass of Tempe in the north of
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Revolution of 1848; 1830-1848
LOUIS PHILIPPE always spoke of himself humbly as the “citizen king.” Although he was dignified, friendly and tried to do
Another Napoleon 1848-1906
IN DECEMBER of 1848, the French elected Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte as president of the Second French Republic. What he stood for
Democracy Spreads 1867-1905
DEMOCRACY IN the Scandinavian countries, Belgium, Holland and Switzerland followed the pattern of the three large democracies. Everywhere during this
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
