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Nationalism and the Germans 1848-1870
DESPITE THE development of democracy in some parts of the world, several of the most important nations established in the
Democracy in Latin America 1811-1823
DURING THE years when Napoleon and Spain were at war, Spain’s American colonies began their long fight to win independence
Democracy Spreads 1867-1905
DEMOCRACY IN the Scandinavian countries, Belgium, Holland and Switzerland followed the pattern of the three large democracies. Everywhere during this
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Crusades 1096-1260
ON A COLD NOVEMBER DAY IN 1096, a great crowd of people gathered in a field at the town of
The Town and the Guild 1100 -1382
ONE FINE SPRING MORNING, in the French town of Troyes, in the county of Champagne, a bell rang out through
The Hundred Years War 1326-1477
THE LONG STRUGGLE between France and England, known to history as the Hundred Years’ War, was not really a war
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
