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Southern France, the Cult of Courtly Love (1100 – 1194)
Southern France, the cult of courtly love, takes root and flourishes. In the glories of its new cathedral, the town
Abelard in Paris (1100 A. D.)
Abelard, Peter – a renowned teacher from Paris, surrounded by a group of questioning students – formed the nucleus of
Toledo falls, Marking the End of Islam in Spain (1077 – 1100)
Toledo falls and this marks the beginning of the end of Islam in Spain. A triumph for orthodoxy The events
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Rivalries in the Middle East 1856 – 1912
THE MIDDLE EAST where Europe, Asia and Africa meet had long been known as one of the great crossroads of
The United States and Destiny 1848-1914
THE UNITED STATES entered the race for colonies last of all the powers, at the end of the nineteenth century.
Storm Clouds over Europe 1882-1907
AS THE year 1899 drew to a close, Europeans and Americans began to wonder when, exactly, the nineteenth century would
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hammurabi – The First Law Code (1750 B. C.)
As the political state evolved, the problem of its administration evolved too. The territory ruled over by Hammurabi of Babylon
Hittites – A New Power Arises (1750 – 1450 B.C.)
Hittites, a new power, arises in the Near East and Babylon is eclipsed. The Babylonian kings who followed Hammurabi were
The Eruption of Santorin – (B.C. 1450)
By 2000 B.C. Crete, and its out post the island of Santorin, was the home of a remarkable, flourishing civilization. Known





























































