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England under the Tudors 1485-1603
IN AUGUST of 1485, Henry Tudor landed on the Welsh coast to fight King Richard III for the crown of
Adventures in the New World 1519 – 1620
“I DID NOT come to till the soil like a peasant,” said Hernando Cortez. “I came to find gold.” His
A New World and a New Sea 1492-1522
ALONG THE DUSTY SPANISH road leading north from Granada plodded a mule. On its back, bouncing and cursing his luck,
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Democracy in Latin America 1811-1823
DURING THE years when Napoleon and Spain were at war, Spain’s American colonies began their long fight to win independence
Nationalism and the Germans 1848-1870
DESPITE THE development of democracy in some parts of the world, several of the most important nations established in the
The Unification of Italy 1831-1870
ITALY HAD long been divided into small states. All their governments, except that of the Kingdom of Sardinia, were unpopular
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin (1194 A.D.)
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin, with its clusters of columns, its soaring arches, its superb stone carvings and its matchless
Richard I, the Lion Heart (1194-1204 A. D.)
Richard I, the Lion Heart, fails to capture Jerusalem from the Saracens. The birth of the New Byzantium The first
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople begins – the crusaders from the West had taken an oath to free the Holy Land from





























































