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England’s Elizabeth: Queen of Words and Music 1511 – 1603
In 1600, the Duke Virginio Orsini‚ nephew of the Medici ruler of Florence, arrived in England. He came to spend
The Renaissance in the North and Spain 1400 – 1598
Through the bustling market-towns of the Low Countries passed the traders, goods and gold of all Europe. Here the luxuries
The Italian Kings of France 1494 – 1590
In all Europe there was no greater admirer of Italy than Francis I, king of France. Francis practiced Italian manners
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Sparta: City of Soldiers B. C. 700 – 500
In Sparta, the shops in the market place had little gold or jewelry to sell and no fine furniture at
Greece Fights for its Life 499 B. C.-479 B. C.
Across the Aegean, from the oriental court of King Darius of Persia, came messengers to all the city-states of mainland
The Golden Age of Athens 480 B. C. to 430 B. C.
When Themistocles and the people of Athens came home from Salamis, they found only the ashes of a city. Their
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Caliph of Cordova’s Library (950 A. D.)
Caliph of Cordova’s library, raised Cordova to its great eminence. It was Europe’s most glittering capital: a place where Moslems,
Cluny (950 – 955 A. D.)
Cluny, the Greatest Benedictine Abbey in Europe, was founded in 910. After the reign of the great Abd al-Rahman III,
Lechfeld (955 A. D.)
Lechfeld, the battleground outside Augsburg on St. Lawrence’s day, 10 August 955 A. D., was highly significant for the whole
