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Spain, Portugal and the New World
Spain, Portugal and the New World: the Hispanic Century, Spain and Europe, the Dutch Revolt and Spanish decline, the Spanish
Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The City of Augustus 29 B. C. – A. D. 14
IN 29 B.C. the gates of war were closed. Rome was at peace. Senators and the people of the mob-men
The Emperor’s City A. D. 14 to A. D. 117
GREAT power had allowed Augustus to do great good for Rome and its provinces. The same power in the hands
The City of the World A. D. 117 – A. D. 138
ROME was no longer just a city — it was a world. In the reign of Hadrian, the blaring trumpets
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
The Roman Republic is Reborn with Imperial Splendour (73 – 31 B.C.)
The happy judgment of the historian Polybius on the strength of the Roman constitution, because of its mixture of popular,
The Emperor Augustus (B.C. 31)
The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. initiated thirteen years of bloodshed, during which the people who had plotted
Octavian and the New Roman Empire (B.C. 31 – 9 A.D.)
Octavian delivers the state from that was plunged into depression. A few weeks after January 1 in the year 29 B.C. the





























































