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Spain, Portugal and the New World
Spain, Portugal and the New World: the Hispanic Century, Spain and Europe, the Dutch Revolt and Spanish decline, the Spanish
Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Cracks in the Wall of Islam A.D. 656-750
THE FIRST three caliphs — Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman — had all known — Mohammed well. In 656, Othman,
The Abbasids: Glory and Decay 750 -1258 A. D.
UNDER THE Omayyads, who ruled from 661 to 750, Islam had grown into a mighty empire. Arabic had become its
Rival Caliphs and Amirs in the West A.D. 750-1492
IN 750, when the first Abbasid caliph ordered a wholesale massacre of the family that had ruled before him, hardly
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Egypt Becomes an Imperial Power (1450 – 1400 B. C.)
We have seen that after the fall of Babylon in 1530 B. C. and the collapse of the Amorite kingdoms
The Aryan Invasion of India (c. B. C. 1400)
Aryan peoples from the North descended into India, radically affecting the native civilization, round about between 1750 to 1400 B.C.
Palestine to Egypt – People Gain a National Identity and Settle New Lands (1400 – 1280 B.C.)
Palestine was possessed by Egypt. In the year 1887 an Egyptian peasant, digging in the ruins of an ancient city
