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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
Sparta: City of Soldiers B. C. 700 – 500
In Sparta, the shops in the market place had little gold or jewelry to sell and no fine furniture at
Greece Fights for its Life 499 B. C.-479 B. C.
Across the Aegean, from the oriental court of King Darius of Persia, came messengers to all the city-states of mainland
The Golden Age of Athens 480 B. C. to 430 B. C.
When Themistocles and the people of Athens came home from Salamis, they found only the ashes of a city. Their
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Arian Heresy and the Council of Nicaea (312-432 A. D.))
The Arian threat occured in the fourth century, which opened with the triumph of Christianity in the Roman Empire, closed
Mission to Ireland (432 A.D.)
In the spring of 432, Laoghaire, ruler of a petty kingdom in northern Ireland, gathered his court near Tara to
Visigoths and Gaiseric (432 – 451 A.D.)
The Visigoths, led by Gaiseric, settle in North Africa and challenge Rome. Ireland before St. Patrick According to the most





























































