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Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)

Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope

Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)

Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.

William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)

William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
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Early Civilizations to Modern Age

Sparta: City of Soldiers B. C. 700 – 500

In Sparta, the shops in the market place had little gold or jewelry to sell and no fine furniture at

Greece Fights for its Life 499 B. C.-479 B. C.

Across the Aegean, from the oriental court of King Darius of Persia, came messengers to all the city-states of mainland

The Golden Age of Athens 480 B. C. to 430 B. C.

When Themistocles and the people of Athens came home from Salamis, they found only the ashes of a city. Their
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Distant Past and New Challenges

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Milestones of History

William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)

William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him

Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)

Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.

Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)

Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope

Mythology

Who were the Hellenes?

Theseus and the Minotaur

The Palace of Minos

Helen of Troy

The Wooden Horse

Was there a Trojan War?

The Migration

City-States and Colonies

The Delphic Oracle

The Olympic Games

Sparta

A Spartan grows Up

Athens

Solon

A Tyrant Who Was Not Tyrannical

Athenian Democracy

The Ionian Greeks

Marathon

The Rivals

The Second Persian Invasion

Thermopylae

“Wooden Walls” and Salamis

Aeschylus

Theseus Comes Home

The Confederacy of Delos

The Athenian Empire

Herodotus, The Father of History

The Parthenon

Thucydides

Why Did Athens Fight Sparta

The Peloponnesian War Begins

Athenian Death

Hippocrates and Disease

Pericles Dies

Cleon the Tanner

Peace

Socrates

Alcibiades

Sicily

Hecuba, Queen of Troy

Decelea, a Thorn in the Flesh

Oligarchy and Athens in Defeat

Socrates’ Death

Xenophon

Damocles’ Sword – The Fourth Century

Plato

Alexander of Macedon

Hellenistic Age – Alexandria and Byzantium

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