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European Nations Evolve
European nations preserved to keep the continent from chaos. In the troubled days of invasion and disorder that followed the
Feudalism in Western Europe
Feudalism – centuries of groping and experimentation to restore law and order in Europe and to develop forms of centralized
Religions Militant in the Middle Ages
Religions militant, gives an account of the wars of religion, which we call the crusades. During the Middle Ages, the
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 1796-1802
In March of 1796, a new commander named Napoleon Bonaparte was placed in charge of the French army on the
Emperor of the French 1804 -1815
On December 2, 1804, in a ceremony of great pomp and splendour at the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris,
Men against Machines 1733 – 1812
FEAR HUNG over the Yorkshire countryside in northern England. It was the spring of 1812, a spring the people would
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
William of Normandy, the Conqueror (1066 A. D.)
William of Normandy, the conqueror, was also descended from English kings and was convinced that King Edward had promised him
Pope Leo IX (1066 – 1077)
Galilee Chapel in Durham Cathedral. Durham was the greatest of the Norman ecclesiastical border fortress in the north of England.
Henry IV, Humiliation at Canossa (1077 A. D.)
Henry IV stood barefoot in the snow, for three days in January, 1077, outside Canossa castle, waiting to see Pope
