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Spain, Portugal and the New World
Spain, Portugal and the New World: the Hispanic Century, Spain and Europe, the Dutch Revolt and Spanish decline, the Spanish
Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Gift of the Nile 3300 B.C. – 30 B.C.
It was around 3500 B.C. and as it did every year around the middle of July, the Nile had begun
The People of One God 3000 B. C. – 30 B. C.
On the plains of Mesopotamia, a young man stood gazing up at the stars that glittered from the dark sky
The Rise of the Assyrians 1600 B. C. – 539 B. C.
During the century after the Hittites had raided Babylon and rose to power in Turkey and Syria, Mesopotamia was a
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin (1194 A.D.)
Notre-Dame, Palace of the Virgin, with its clusters of columns, its soaring arches, its superb stone carvings and its matchless
Richard I, the Lion Heart (1194-1204 A. D.)
Richard I, the Lion Heart, fails to capture Jerusalem from the Saracens. The birth of the New Byzantium The first
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople begins – the crusaders from the West had taken an oath to free the Holy Land from
