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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Rise of Nationalism 1272 – l485
JOAN OF ARC did more than inspire the French to drive out the English; her words and actions helped to
The Sound of Bells and Trumpets in Europe 1300 – 1600
Bells and trumpets sounded across Europe in the time that men would call the Middle Ages. Knights in glistening armour
Florence, First City of the Renaissance 1200-1480
March 25, 1436, was the Feast of the Annunciation and the city of Florence was decked out for a celebration.
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hannibal Challenges Rome (217 B.C.)
Hannibal alone, would have dared embark on such a venture. Two powers confronted each other to dispute mastery of the
Slaves in the Ancient World (217 – 73 B.C.)
Slaves could be imported to Italy when and where they were needed. The demand for labour was immediate and there
The Slaves Revolt (73 B.C.)
As Rome’s armies marched victorious across the known world and her fleets patrolled the Mediterranean, hundreds and thousands of slaves





























































