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Foundations of the Russian Empire
Foundations of the Russian Empire involved: the Early Russians, Romanovs and the New Russia, Alexander and the Holy Alliance, Russian
Division and Weakness in Germany and Italy
Division and weakness in Germany and Italy points up the difference between geographic unity and national unity. It concerns itself
Absolutism and Revolution in France
Absolutism was sought, achieved, followed by the French Revolution, an Interlude; and peace plans were made for Europe. Both English
Early Civilizations to Modern Age
The Coming of the Storm 1905 – 1913
ALREADY HEMMED in on two sides by France and Russia, the Germans were dismayed to see Great Britain join their
The Storm Breaks 1914
JUNE 28, 1914, was the Feast of Saint Vitus, an important holiday in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The city
Stalemate in the West, Decision in the East 1914 -1917
Germany’s generals had for some time expected that they would have to fight both France and Russia, and Count Alfred
Distant Past and New Challenges
Milestones of History
Hannibal Challenges Rome (217 B.C.)
Hannibal alone, would have dared embark on such a venture. Two powers confronted each other to dispute mastery of the
Slaves in the Ancient World (217 – 73 B.C.)
Slaves could be imported to Italy when and where they were needed. The demand for labour was immediate and there
The Slaves Revolt (73 B.C.)
As Rome’s armies marched victorious across the known world and her fleets patrolled the Mediterranean, hundreds and thousands of slaves




























































